Borders Crossed blog migrated to http://www.bordercrossed.com

Since June, I've decided to move to a self-hosted platform and will stop updating this blog

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This article describes the making of the new blog

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Babel and Lost in Translation - machine translation

Thoughts on cultural gaps

Posters of the movies Babel

Communication breakdown is a big challenge for human society. They are illustrated vividly by the tragic scenes of the movie Babel. Cultural similarity can also bring seemingly unrelated people together, especially when they cannot blend in to a different culture. Lost in Translation gives this a somewhat romantic touch. The more common variations are the social groups and online forums for Western expatriates in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Also worth mentioning are the Japanese associations and China towns in major cities

Poster of the movie Lost in Translation

There have long been dreams that technology can bridge this gap, enabling everybody to communicate with others from different cultures

Experiment using technology to bridge language gaps

I tried to use online machine translation tools to translate phrases from English to other languages, and see what comes back. I recommend a website, Babelize, that makes this really easy and fun! It translates your phrase into 10 languages and then back into English. I tried to play with the question "Do you believe in God?" Here are the results

Translated to Japanese:
神を信じるか。

Translated back to English:
Is God believed?

Translated to Chinese:
上帝被相信吗?

Translated back to English:
God is believed?

Translated to French:
Dieu est cru ?

Translated back to English:
Is God believed?

Translated to German:
Wird Gott geglaubt?

Translated back to English:
Is God believed?

Translated to Italian:
Il dio si crede?

Translated back to English:
The God believes itself?

Translated to Portuguese:
O deus acredita-se?

Translated back to English:
The god gives credit itself?

Translated to Spanish:
¿El dios da el crédito sí mismo?

Translated back to English:
The God gives to the credit itself?

Machine translation still has a long way to go, until it can spit out meaningful words. Good news for language teachers, otherwise students can always excuse themselves from learning foreign languages

Playing with word combinations - Anagrams

I've always struggle in word games like scrabble, because I only know a limited number of words. At school, I once played a word game called Anagrams. It required me to rearrange a word to form other words. For example, the word "Arts" can be rearranged as
- Tars
- Rats
- Star
- Tsar

Lately I've come across a few websites that automatically solve this type of word game . They give me a relaxed way to learn new words. I can type some words that I am curious about, and boom! In a split second, a list of words with the same letters arranged differently, come up. Here are some words that I find interestingly sarcastic (although politically incorrect)

Japan's rime minister
- Shinzo Abe -> Sob in Haze
Taiwan's president
- Chen Shui-Bien -> Nice Bush in he
Korean actress who once had an affair with a Hong Kong singer
- Kim Hee Sun -> I sue HK men
The world's hybrid car
- The Toyota Prius -> Oh, auto is pretty! -> Ahoy! Prostitute
The intertwined relationship between 3 celebrities in Taiwan
- Jay Chou, Petty Hou, Jolin Tsai -> Oh! jauntily, joyous, pathetic

Enough examples. Among all anagram-generating sites, I recommend Anagram Genius as it generates the most natural phrases without advanced user settings (try it yourself!), and without bombarding you with numerous combinations to choose from

Here are some other sites that help you generate these funny phrases. Enjoy!

Wordsmith Anagram Solver
Good for basic and advanced users. It contains advanced options for users to limit the number of words in each anagram, force anagrams to include or exclude a word, etc.

Andy's Anagram Solver
Very similar to Wordsmith, but allows user to choose the dictionary to limit / expand phrases generated. There are 4 English dictionaries to choose from
- English (20000 words)
- English with proper nouns
- Massive English dictionary (>100000 words!)
- Massive English dictionary with some proper nouns

Brendan's On-Line Anagram Generator
Very simple interface The only configuration you need is the minimum number of letters of a word

Getting around in Kuwait - by Taxi

A typical taxi-cab














The most common form of transportation in Kuwait is by private car. But if you don't drive, or don't want to look bad driving a Toyota next to your friend's BMW, taxis are the only viable alternative. Buses are infrequent, slow, and the routes they go are very limited. Usually only blue-collar expatriate workers take them

Here are some tips that may help you improve your experience with Kuwaiti taxis

1. Call taxi (241-3414) instead of waiting for street cabs
When I am in Kuwait City, this is the number that I call the most: 241-3414. It is the phone number of one of the larger taxi companies. It is probably the most important number for visitors. I use them for the following reasons
- After you call, they usually come pick you up within 5 minutes
- Cabs are coordinated centrally and are connected to a radio system. They have some English-speaking operators in their call centers. So when I want to go somewhere, as long as I have the address, the driver will find a way to get there through radio

Alternatively, you can wait for street cabs, but you have to believe that you're lucky. Sometimes they come within 5 minutes, while sometimes they never appear

2. Negotiate the fare before going anywhere
Taxis have meters, but the drivers don't charge by the meters. At the end of the journey, they'll just tell you what the fare is. It is EXTREMELY important that you and the driver agree on the fare before you start moving, or you'll probably pay more than you have to

Here are the going rates, based on my personal experience
- Kuwait International Airport - Kuwait City, 5 KD
- Short distance within Kuwait City - 2 KD
- Long distance within Kuwait City and vicinity - 3 - 4 KD

If they charge you more than that, bargaining helps. Street taxis are usually cheaper than the call-in taxis


Licenses of a taxi driver, photo taken from the back seat
Taxis are heavily regulated in Kuwait. Drivers are required to apply for various licenses (I counted 4) before he can carry passengers in a taxi. This red tape has driven up the price. Comparing journeys of similar distances, fares in Kuwait are up to 50% higher than fares in Dubai. For short-distance journeys, the difference may be even higher

Economics - game theory guru - Roger Myerson

Game theory is a tool used to understand decisions made in situations involving several players. These situations range from wars to family relationships, from president election to bargaining in the black market. Businesses also use game theory to make strategic decisions

One guru on game theory is Roger Myerson. He is a professor at the University of Chicago. I find the following pages on his website interesting

- Academic papers marrying public policy and political decision-making with economics

- Excel add-ins that add statistical functions for Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis. His tools supplement Excel's weakness in probabilistic calculations. The add-ins allow users to generate Poisson, beta, gamma and log-normal distributions, as well as some other analytical features

- Syllabus of graduate-level economics classes at the University of Chicago. Here I got a chance to learn what the teach in one of the world's best school of economics

- Roger Myerson's Curriculum vitae (CV in pdf). To become a prominent academic is not easy. The long list of positions held and papers published helped me realize this. If I were to go into academia, better be ready for that. It's also fun going through his professional journey on paper


More information on game theory
Wikipedia entry

Gametheory.net
- Books, academic papers, and online games on game theory for professors, students and practitioners

Speed up travel at Kuwait Airport - Hala Services

One of the most frustrating things that can happen to travelers is delay at the airport. The issue has been particularly serious in Kuwait for arriving visitors who're non-GCC Nationals. There have been times when I had to wait more than 2 hours at the airport before being allowed to enter the country. So I decide to find out and share some tips to help other people save time. Hope this is useful for you

The problem - lengthy visa procedure at Kuwait International Airport

Kuwait has a visa process that is restrictive by international standard. Every non-GCC visitor has to apply for visa in advance before entering Kuwait. In 2004, the Ministry of Interior has adopted a policy to open up its borders. Nationals of the following countries can apply for visa at the airport

1. USA.
2. UK.
3. France.
4. Italy.
5. Germany.
6. Canada.
7. Australia.
8. New Zealand.
9. Japan.
10. The Netherlands.
11. Belgium.
12. Luxembourg.
13. Switzerland.
14. Austria.
15. Sweden.
16. Norway.
17. Denmark.
18. Portugal.
19. Ireland.
20. Greece.
21. Finland.
22. Spain.
23. Monaco.
24. the Vatican.
25. Iceland.
26. Andorra.
27. San Marino.
28. Liechtenstein.
29. Brunei.
30. Singapore.
31. Malaysia.
32. Hong Kong.
33. South Korea.
34. China.*

*They recently excluded China, but the decision was not publicized. Customs officials told me they originally did not plan to restrict Chinese visitors. However, thousands of prostitutes and criminals flock to the country and stay there using the loophole. Therefore, when you arrive at Kuwait International Airport today, you will see notice boards stating people from these 34 countries can obtain visa there, with big crosses covering the word "China". Moreover, Nationals of Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong were screened in extra caution (that means extra wait time!), because Kuwaiti officials are concerned that Chinese may try using fake passports of these 3 countries to enter Kuwait. They have no way to tell from the look, whether someone is from Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong or China

Usually people need to wait for 1 - 1.5 hour to have a visa issued. If you don't want to wait, here is a good service to use

Solution - Hala (Meet-and-greet) Services
Realizing this problem, entrepreneurs have found a way to speed up the visa process. This is a service run by a private company called Hala Services Kuwait. User can register online or call them at +965-842-842 (Ext. 304) to ask for help. Of all the services they provide (from welcoming you by flowers and dates at the gate to wheelchair assistance), I recommend the airport visa service

I tried it myself. As soon as I stepped out of the plane, I saw a lady holding up a cardboard with my name on it. Then she escorted me directly to the visa counter. Instead of waiting in line with the other ~100 travelers, we bypassed the whole process by using a special counter. 15 minutes later, I was already outside the airport

It costs 1 KD (~3.5 USD), but it's worth it as I don't have to worry about waiting. Now I don't have to worry about arriving after a 747-400 from Amsterdam, and how long I have to wait until they give you a visa

For more information,

Hala Services in Kuwait's International Airport

Kuwaitah website on Kuwait visa procedure

Learning Arabic online

To me, Arabic is a language that's fun to learn. I've recently started learning it, and discovered many free resources online that teach Arabic to foreigners. Here are a few. I recommend Madinah Arabic, but that is just my personal preference. Other sites may suit your need better. I hope you enjoy it too!

Madinah Arabic
Comprehensive site that offers 2 free courses, Arabic Reading Course and Arabic Language Course. Arabic Reading Course aims to help you learn the Arabic script, before learning the language itself. It suits me best because I want to learn reading, writing, speaking and listening. Also native Arabic speakers said that it's much easier to learn conversational skills if I can read the script

Gulf Arabic
It teaches the Arabic dialect spoken by people in Gulf countries, i.e. UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the Southern part of Iraq. The whole website is in Roman (English) characters. Therefore, even if you don't want to learn Arabic script, you can still learn Arabic for casual conversation purposes

Islamopas
It focuses on letter recognition, with each lesson teaching you a few characters. The short lessons, may not teach you the most number of words, but ensure that you remember most of the words being taught

Arabic 2000
It is a commercial site that offers a full Arabic language curriculum online, at a price. It offers 1 free lesson, which is indeed quite long, starting with basic grammar